THE SIGHT

INTRODUCTION:

The sight is a sense that allowing us to see.

The most important organs of the sight are the eyes.

The organs of the sight are the eyes and the brain.

HOW IT WORKS?

The eyes work from the moment you wake up until you close them to go to sleep .Give us a lot of information about the world around us, silhouetttes, colours, movements and more. They send the informationto the brain to process it and know that what happens outside the body.

The eye is the size of a ping-pong ball.

PARTS:

The sclera, the retina, the iris, the pupil, the cornea, the crystalline lens and the optic nerve.

The cornea allows us to focus on objects .

The iris is the coloured part of the eye and is adjusted to control the amount of light passing through the pupil (black circle in the center of the iris).

The light entering the pupil reaches the lens that focuses the rays of light to the retina.

The retina converts light into signals transmitted by the optic nerve to the brain .The retina uses special cells called rods and cones to process light , the rods are in black cones perceive colour.

To protect the eye is the sclera and outside the eyelid and the eyelashes.

                  
   the ear has external ,  middle,
and inner portions.the outer ear is 
called the pinna and is made  of
ridged cartilage covered by skin. sound 
funnels through the pinna into the  external auditory canal,a short tube that ends at the eardrum (tympanic membrane) .     














                                                           

                                                       
sound causes the eardrum and its tin y attached bones in the middle portion of the ear to vibrate and the vibrations are conducted to the nearby cochlea. the spiral-shaped cochlea is part of the inner ear, it trasforms sound into nerbe impulses that travel to the brain.
                                           

                          
  the fluid-filled semicircular Canals (labyrinth)attach to the cochlea and nerves in the inner ear. they send information on balance and head position to the brain. the eustachian (auditory)tube drains fluid from the middle ear into the throat (pharynx) behind the nose .earing                      

HEARING SYSTEM

Hearing is the ability we have to receive sounds. These can be bass and treble.
For this ability to take place we have the hearing system.
Parts of the hearing system:

• outer ear: this is the part we can see. It's mainly the ear and eardrum and we use it to receive sounds
• middle ear: this part is a small air chamber and helps to take vibrations from outer ear to inner ear. We cannot see this part.
• inner ear: this part helps to take vibrations from middle ear to the brain and helps the brain to translate these vibrations into instructions and signals.
• Neuronal: it's the part of the brain that translates vibrations initially captured by the outer ear. The sound travels from the cochlea via the auditory nerve to the brain so it can translate them into signals or instructions that we can understand or recognize.

Humans and animals have hearing systems
Not all sounds are audible to all animals and humans. It dependes on the amplitude and frequency of the sound.
For example, dogs can hear sounds that we can't hear. We can blow a whistle that we can't hear but dogs can.
Sounds are different if you are under water, as sound is transmitted differently in air and in water.
Hearing system is impacted by pressure changes. If you are in deep under the water or if you are flying in a plane your hearing system (eardrum mainly) can hurt.
If you have a cold, your hearing system can be impacted as it's also connected to your top respiratory system.
Hearing system can affect your balance as it's connected to your brain. If you have an infection in your hearing system you could fall down.
Hearing system is very helpful for humans and animals to be able to communicate and interact with the environment, but it's also very sensitive.

THE SMELL

 

The sense of smell helps us to appreciate different smells.

It is very important for us because we used smell to know if the food is good or not.

If we are in the country helps us to know if there is fire.

And it is very nice to smell the flowers. 

The dogs can smell so good and then they can find their owners. 

•  Good smell. (Flowers)
•  but smell.( rubbish)
  
  

  • Parts

    the parts of the sense of smell are

-pitiutary gland

-nasal cavity

THE TASTE

THE TASTE

·     There are 5 senses: the taste, the sight, the hearing, the smell and the touch.

·     The taste is a very important sense because you can check how the things taste.

·     The taste is in the tongue and the tongue has littles bumps called taste buds.

·     The taste buds help us taste the difference between:

Sweet,

Salty,

Sour and

Bitter.

·     An example of sweet is an ice cream or chocolate.

·     An example of salty is the salty chips.

·     An example of sour is the lemon.

·     And an example of bitter is the coffee.

·     The sweet is found on the tip of the tongue.

·     The salty is found on the sides of the tongue.

·     The sour is found on the back sides of the tongue.

·     And bitter is found on the very back of the tongue.

·     This is a photo to explained it.

   

·     The cells of the taste are called gustatory cells.

·     If you are not breading you can’t taste your food.

·     When you taste something is thanks to the brain combined with the taste and the smell senses, that’s why all the senses are very important including the sense of smell.

·      We know how the things taste and the food that you are tasting thanks to the brain because the taste buds and the gustatory cells give the information to it and then the brain knows what that food is.

·      The taste is very important because without it you can’t taste

         CANDY.

.THE    END.

MERY        

            CHRITSMAS.

MADE BY CELIA

smell

                                                               the smell

the smell is the most important sense for most organisms.
the nose is the organ of the smell.

the parts of the nose are: olfactory area,olfactory bulb,pituitary gland ,cartilage,nasal bone and the nasal cavity.

the holes we have in the nose are called nostrils.
we have hair in the nose, because when we inhale air,powder and other things,only get in the air and the powder and  the other things stays in the hair. 
the pituitary gland, that also can be called hypophysis have the function to produce specific hormones.
the size of the hypophysis is like a little pea (1 cm).

 

                             the end by Teresa
                              

THE TOUCH

THE TOUCH
- The sense of touch is what lets us know if things
   are smooth or rough.
- It is located in the skin of the whole body.
- The skin is the largest organ of our body.

- One of its functions is to make we feel the world
   that is around us.
- Although it seems very simple skin actually has
   a structure very complex.
- It is divided into three layers, and each of the three
   different elements have very different functions.
- The outermost layer is called the epidermis, and is formed
   by a set of cells is the first barrier

   body defense.
- The middle layer is the dermis, blood vessels and are
   sensory receptors (nerve endings) pain,
   pressure and temperature.
- The inner layer of the skin is the hypodermis, the inner layer is
   and its function is to maintain the temperature inside the body.

the hearing

Hearing is one of the five senses, as necessary as the others.

Listening using our sense of hearing is very important. We need to listen to teachers, friends,  parents, everybody. We always talk and listen to each other, that is why so important to listen. 

Our ears help us to detect sound, that is why our ears are whay we use for hea.ring

Our ears, which help us hear, are made of two separate parts; the outer ear and the inner ear. The outer ear is the part that others see.

There is much more to the ear than the part you can see on the outside of your head.

Excessive ear wax can impair hearing,

Most of our ear is in our head

Our ears have around 24,000 sensory cells

Many sounds make us feel good, but when the sound becomes noise, it can hurt our ears, or even cause hearing loss.

People who don´t hear is called deaf people. Sign language is a way of talking by using your hands.

Famous deaf people was, for example, Goya, Van Gogh and Beethoven.

The Sense of Taste

The Sense of Taste

The tongue is a muscle which help us to eat. The tongue works in the voice too. On the top of the  tongue you can see small bumps, they are called taste buds. The taste buds are distributed throughout the tongue and recognize the flavors. The taste buds can be calciformes (sweet, salt and acid) and fungiformes too. There are other types of small bumps than look like the taste buds, botton buds, but they don´t recognize flavors.

We have four kinds of flavors:
1 SWEET like sugar
2 SALT like salt
3 BITTER like coffee
4 ACID like lemon

We have 10.000 bottoms taste on the tongue.
In the back of the tongue are the taste buds of the bitter.
In the two sides of the tongue we feel the acid.
The salt is felt in the sides and at the begining of the tongue.
On the top of the tongue we taste sweet.

Some insects have on the lega some fine hairs, and they can distinguish the taste of nectar from flowers.

Orange: Bitter

Green: Acid

Blue: Salt

Pink: Sweet

SMELL

                                      SMELL

• The sense of smell is what allows us to distinguish smells and warns us of dangers.
  The nose is the organ by which penetrate the smell that we feel from the outside.
  
  Smell this at the bottom of the nose, has two cavities, nostrils separated by a septum.
  The part inside of the nose is formed by two walls yellow pituitary and pituitary red.
  The yellow receives information to the olfactory bulb, which transforms it intro never impulse.
  The red, helps regulate the air entering and leaving through lungs.
  When the odorous substances enter the nose, dissolves in the nasal mucosa, they activate never endings, the pass through the holes in the bone ethmoid, in the olfactory bulb, they connect  with the factory nerves that the information transports to the temporary false rumour of the brain.
  When the pituitary yellow one same substance reached him for a long time, let perceive its smell.
  
  The loss of smell called Anosmia.

touch

 

THE SENSE OF TOUCH

  

the sense of the touch it is one of the four senses . It is the sense that recognizing through touch . It involves a combination of somatosensory perception of patterns on the skin surface and proprioception . People can rapidly and accurately identify three-dimensional objects by touch they do so through the use of exploratory procedures , such as moving the fingers over the outer surface of the object or holding the entire object in the hand . Gibson defined the aptic systems as the sensibility of the individual to the world adjacent to his body by use of his body . Gibson and others emphasized the close link between haptic perception is active exploration . The concept of haptic perception is related to the concept of extended physiological proprioception according to wich ,when using a tool such as a stick  , perceptual experience is transparently transferred to the end of the tool. Haptic perception relies on the forces experiences during touch .This research allows the creation of virtual, illusory haptic shapes with different perceived qualities wich has clear application in haptic technology . Loss of the sense of touch is a catasstrophic deficit that can impair walking and other skilled actions such as holding objects or using tools

 

 the touch Our biggest Governing Body is the skin. Has Different Purposes , How to Protect Our internal organs and Infection : The Place Where It is also tactile receptors Our Body is located.

The outer layer has a Call skin epidermis and dermis Call nail inner layer . In each of these layers of skin Different tactile receptors or nerve endings They seem better respond to of stimuli are located. Receivers Estós itself Mechanoreceptors : respond to indentations in the skin . An example of this is when a finger is pressed against the back of the hand. There are two types of these mechanoreceptors : those who adapt quickly and those who adapt slowly.ndentations in the skin . An example of this is when a finger is pressed against the back of the hand. There are two types of these mechanoreceptors : those who adapt quickly and those who adapt lentamente.Aunque each of these receptors respond best to these stimuli , they also respond to soe degree to all types of tactile stimuli .

The tactile receptors also us from outside our body and those coming from within our body are experienced as two separate sensations that our brains are able to process so we can perform a variety of actions. When we manipulate a small object like a pen with our hands behind our backs , we know where our hand relative to the other even though they do not touch. We experience the feeling of pen and can explore , rotate and transfer of hand without looking, mostly due to the tactile sensations we experience within our body and from the outsid


The receptors send tactile information to the brain for two main nerve pathways . One of them , called medial lemniscal system of the spine ( DCMLS ) , can be identified as a discriminatory system . This system takes the information we obtain through active exploration and includes information such as pressure , vibration, and proprioception . The other system , called the anterolateral system (ALS ) carries information that helps our body defend itself , based on information about pain and temperature. The DCMLS ends in the somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobe of the brain , located in the upper back of his head. The ALS appears to be a more primitive system and ends in the reticular formation that is located just above the area of the brainstem.

Although these systems are separated , their functions overlap in some way. For example , certain information about pain can be transported by certain data DCMLS and tactile discrimination can be carried by the ALS . This could explain why some children avoid touching or being touched. Damaged if any of these systems , the result can be that the other system is more dominant. The ALS system, which handles pain , is less vulnerable to damage than DCMLS system. Children who exhibit behavior as defensive touch may be responding to touch primarily through the ALS and experience its role to defend .
Thermo : respond to temperature changes.

Nioceptores : respond to stimuli that damage the skin as intense heat or the prick of a pin.

THE SISTEMS

Digestive sistem

1.  Parts 

• - Esophagus: the esophagus is a kind of tube where food is transported. 
• - Stomach: the stomach digest the food, this proces is called digestion
• - Intestines: the intestines digere food. 

       2.  Funcions.

• The digestive sistem breaks down the food .

Respiratory sistem

    1. Parts

• Trachea: The trachea transport air.

• Lungs:The lungs absorb and exchange air.

  2.Funcions: to have air .

circulatory sistem

1. Parts

•  Heart: The heart move the blood.
• Blood: The blood  have hot for the body.
• Vessels: The vessels transport the blood.

2. Funcions. 

• Transport blood to all body

 Exretory sistem.

1.Parts

• Kidneys:are the organs of excretory sistems.
• Bladder:exchange the excrements.

2. funcion

•  Eliminates the waste of our body.

  

the insects

the insects:


Insects are cold booded and they
 are invertebrate

There are over 30 miliones
species of insects


Is caracterized by javing two
antennas and to present 3 pairs of legs

 ther are insects as these:
moht, spider, grashoper,snail,
beetle, ladybird ezt

Ar insects are arthropods.

Insects  can be old  the world



part of a beetle:
antennae
palps
head
tarsus
tibia
femur
esculetum
abdomen
hind wing
Elytrom
pronotum



 the end

MAMMALS

Mammals are vertebrate.
Mammals are viviparous.
Mammals have sexual reproduction. 
Mothers give birth their offspring
Mothers produce milk to feed their offspring.
Some mammals carry their offspring in the marsupium: a "pocket" in the front side of the mother's abdomen.
Mammals have seven cervical vertebrae.
Mammals have a constant blood temperature.
Mammals are warm-blooded.
Mammals can be carnivorous (they eat meat)
Mammals can be insectivorous (they eat insects).
Mammals can be herbivores (they eat plants). 
Mammals can be and omnivores (meat and plants).
Mammals can be terrestrial, arboreal, aquatic and aerial.
Mammals are the largest animals in the planet: whales and elephants.
Mammals are the most intelligent animals in the planet: humans
Examples of mammals:

• whales
• elephants
• monkeys
• humans
• dogs
• cats
• lions
• tigers
• bats
• dolphins

 

reptiles are oviparous.
the most of the reptiles are Green.
the parts of the reptiles are the legs ,eyes,mouth...
the reptiles are vertebrates.

the charcteristics are they live in the soil or in the water,they have a skeleton with bones,they can swam,they have for legs,they can live in the water and in the soil por example cocodriles
some like lizards they can broken his tail but later is grow back,they have a tail,they dont have hair,some are agressive,they can are longest or shortest,they can are Little big or medium size,they live in the forest. some reptiles are very beautifall.some reptiles are ugly.the camalion change of colour are beutifall.